Étiquette : environment

Catégories
Sustainable tourism

Willingness to pay versus actual behavior

Need for sustainability in tourism?

There is no question that the travel and tourism industry needs to be more sustainable. Between 2012 and 2030, international tourist arrivals are expected to increase by an average of 43 million a year to reach 1.8 billion (United Nations World Tourism Organization, 2014). With this growth comes many negative impacts. For example, examining only one sector of the tourism industry, cruises, evidence shows multiple negative impacts. According to the Lighthouse Foundation (2014), a Caribbean cruise ship creates around 50 tons solid waste, 800,000 litres sewage and 130,000 litres grey water in one week.

Sustainability Demand

Numerous studies over the past few years by multiple travel providers have shown that travelers are willing to spend more money on sustainable travel. A 2012 report by The Travel Foundation and Forum for the Future found that 75% of consumers want a more responsible holiday. A TripAdvisor study also in 2012, stated that 71% of those surveyed said they would make environmentally friendly choices this year. In 2011, a study done by CondeNast Traveler said 58% of their travellers hotel choice is influenced by the support the hotel gives to the local community. Another study in 2011 Kuoni found that 22% of respondents said that sustainability is among the top three influencing factors when booking vacations (www.sustainabletourism.net) . Although consumers say they want more sustainability options, does this actually translate into practice and who are these consumers?

Actual Sustainability behaviour

In order to determine whether tourists had paid for sustainable tourism, research by Ryerson University (Kwan, Liu & Mak, 2014) was undertaken to determine tourist’s past spending. Results showed that 73% understood the meaning of sustainable travel and could outline specific practices that they believed would be more sustainable (e.g. donate to sustaianbility causes, stay at a green hotel, etc.). Thirty five percent had stayed in a green hotel in the last 12 months however over half of respondents were unsure which clearly exemplifies that green or sustainable branding may be a large issue for consumer decision making.

Other sustainability behaviours outlined that 39% often or always purchase local food when travelling. A much smaller percentage (10%) had purchased carbon offsets and 2% donated to a local sustainabilty project when on vacation.

When answering the research question, overall the findings showed that 37% of travellers actually paid more for sustainable tourism options. When asked how much more, however, although only 6% paid 10% or higher costs.

Demographically, it is the younger age groups who are more concerned. 18-24 (22%) and 25-34 (26%) year olds were more likely to pay more than older demographics. Additionally, females seem to be more concerned about the environment than men.

Conclusion

The research clearly states that travelers behaviour is shifting although it is still not commonplace. What is clear from this research is that sustainble tourism options must not priced higher than comparative options as the consumer that is willing to pay significantly more is a niche market.

Another conclusion is that although the consumer is aware of what sustainable tourism is, they may not necessarily be able to clearly identify sustainable tourism travel options or products when making their purchasing decisions. People may be aware of sustainability but they may still choose the easiest and most affordable options. If the industry wishes to see consumers purchase more earth friendly options then they must promote them more clearly to the customer.

This research also shows that if the industry is really going to protect the very resources that promote tourism, sustainability options for tourists needs to become the norm rather than the exception.

Catégories
Marketing @en Sustainable tourism

Green marketing in hotels shows increased guest satisfaction

 The Business Case for greening

The idea of implementing sustainability methods into a business has become increasingly a common practice amongst businesses and ‘greening’ has become a major brand differentiators that many businesses are acting upon in order to stand out amongst their competitors (Areseculeratne & Yazdanifard, 2014).

 

 

This is also true among the hotel sector globally. ‘Greening’ is understood to mean increasing overall environmental performance by reducing waste, water and energy. Additionally, the consumer is interested in green hotels. A survey of more than 700 U.S travelers conducted by TripAdvisor (2012), suggested that 71 percent of the respondents planned to make eco-friendly choices in the next 12 months while, 65 percent did so in the 12 month period preceding the survey. Additionally a study done by Mensah and Mensah (2013), found that the majority of consumers surveyed was more likely to book with a hotel that has a responsible environmental attitude. They also found that the majority of tourists have a positive attitude towards environmental management by hotels.

What is unknown however is if the marketing of such environmental practices actually benefits the hotels.

But does green marketing help the bottom line?

In a study conducted by Franco et al, (2014) at Ryerson University, researchers found that 76 % of boutique hotels said that green marketing had a positive impact on their business in general. Additionally 88% of accommodations felt that green practices were ‘Important or Very Important” for their success. Accommodations, however, do not track how much they specifically spend on marketing their ‘green’ achievements (49% could not give an exact figure).

In order to analyze if there were any impacts or more specifically, any benefits from green marketing, the accommodations were asked to rate how green marketing has impacted their business in general. There was a statistical significance when comparing the allocation of revenue to marketing and guest satisfaction (p value =0.014). Additionally, accommodations saw a positive impact when they allocated revenue towards green marketing (p value = 0.05). There was also no significant specific benefit to increased average daily rate (ADR), profit or length of stay as there was no correlation between these factors.

When examining actual practices, the most common environmental practices included water and energy efficient methods where 87 percent of the respondents have applied water efficient showerheads in each guest bathroom, 90 percent had a linen reuse program and 66 percent of respondents have efficient heating/air conditioning systems. More advanced green practices were not as well implemented as only 50% of hotels track their actual water use and only 7% of respondents used solar panels.

Interestingly, hotels did not necessarily obtain certifications to promote their environmental practices. Sixty percent of accommodations claimed they had obtained some sort of green certification that included such labels as LEED, ISO, Green Key, Green Globe or Green Seal.

The main barriers or impediments to implementing green practices were financial (45%) or motivating employees to follow practices (25%). 

Save money and boost reputation

The recent study by Franco et al (2014) shows that it is evident that there is a positive impact when accommodations allocate a percentage of revenue towards green marketing. It supports the notion that if society has a vested interest in environmental issues, it can lead many businesses, including hotels to change their practices (Hu, 2012). Will green marketing alone push industry to improve their ‘greeness’? Perhaps not although this recent research is positive. What is not disputed however is that accommodations can save large amounts of money in costs as well as boost their reputation in the marketplace by monitoring how they are impacting the environment.

Catégories
Products and activities Transportation

Get off the beaten path with electric vehicles!

The use of electric modes of transportation in outdoor destinations essentially addresses four objectives closely tied to current tourism trends:

  1. Reduce greenhouse gas emissions: More and more, people want their travel experiences to include environmentally friendly activities.
  2. Improve accessibility for people with reduced mobility: According to Kéroul, the travel market for people with limited physical ability represents 15% of the Quebec population and will grow in the coming years, due to the aging population (see also: Examples of best practices for improving accessibility).
  3. Increase access to areas with no vehicular traffic or that require visitors to be in top shape: Tourists are demonstrating a growing interest in bicycle touring. However, the steep mountainous terrain of certain areas can be a barrier to soft adventure enthusiasts.
  4. Develop original, innovative, unique tourist products: To diversify their activities and stand out from the competition, some destinations are investing in models from the rapidly evolving electric vehicle industry. These innovative products can help generate word of mouth about the destination.

Here are several examples of how tourism businesses use these electric vehicles out in nature.

The electric bicycle

Already a fixture in some urban centres, the electric bicycle (e-bike) is increasingly popular in natural environments. Equipped with an electric battery and a small motor, it lets users select their desired level of assistance, according to their needs. While the primary advantage of this device is to reduce the physical effort of biking, it is also quiet, environmentally friendly, and an incentive to engage in outdoor activities.

In the Mont Blanc mountain range, four resorts have organized thematic routes for electric touring bikes that cover places of cultural interest or explore the region’s mountainous landscapes and villages. Along with the bike, renters receive a « road book » that offers an overview of the itineraries available. In addition, tourists can download the eRando application, which provides informative content about the primary areas of interest located along the way. If they wish, clients can also be accompanied by a guide.

Vélo Électrique de Randonnée dans le Val d'Arly

Source: Val d’Arly, Mont-Blanc, ©Val d’Arly Tourist Office

The all-terrain Segway!

The Segway X2 was designed and developed for off-road and forest trails. After taking a short training session, tourists at some destinations can take a forest tour aboard this unusual zero-emission vehicle. For example, Blue Mountain Resort in Ontario offers guided Segway tours along the top of the Niagara Escarpment. Other North American destinations offer similar tours, like Camelbeach Waterpark in Pennsylvania and Snowshoe Mountain, a resort in West Virginia.

les_vehicules_electriques_hors_des_sentiers_battus_image_2

Source: Snowshoe Mountain, West Virginia, ©Philip Duncan

As part of its environmental management program, Sépaq is increasingly turning to electric vehicles in its parks. For example, Station touristique Duchesnay, located in the Quebec City area, has purchased a dozen Segway XTs to offer its visitors guided nature hikes.

ATV, safari and heritage?

Located in Montebello, Camp Explora offers couples and families a « mystery safari » experience aboard an electric ATV. Equipped with an iPad, participants and their co-pilots roam through the woods in search of clues to solve riddles and uncover the secrets of the lost club of Montebello. This green activity is quiet, enabling participants to observe the area’s flora and fauna; at the same time, it encourages visitors to explore local heritage sites. Available summer and winter, this innovative experience offers access to areas that are difficult to reach using other modes of transportation.

les_vehicules_electriques_hors_des_sentiers_battus_image_3.jpg

Source: Camp Explora

Adapted vehicles for people with reduced mobility

Developed primarily for people with reduced mobility, electric 4×4 ATVs can be used to safely and ecologically roam through forests. The French company Mobile Dream, which manufactures this vehicle, designed an adjustable seat that adapts to different body types; the vehicle also includes side supports that enable people with reduced mobility to transfer easily from their wheelchair.

The nature centre run by AF Organization in France has many electric 4x4s for rent. One model is even equipped with tetra grips, which are specifically designed for individuals with more physical limitations. The centre offers guided tours for children, families, the elderly and people with reduced mobility. Itineraries have been created especially for thrill-seekers, nature and heritage lovers, and those wishing to see the sunrise.

Network Carradale, a Scottish tourist centre, rents out electric off-road scooters to enable the elderly and people with reduced mobility to access its forest trails and accompany their families on long hikes.

While destinations look for new ways to make these electric vehicles part of their tourism products, manufacturers continue to innovate. What electric vehicles will we encounter next on the forest trails of Quebec?

Catégories
Marketing @en Products and activities

Adventure tourism goes sustainable

According to TripAdvisor, in 2012, 70% of American travellers said they planned to make more environmentally responsible travel choices in the next twelve months; for its part, Trendwatching predicted that in 2013, tourists will be trying to make more tangible, environmentally beneficial contributions to destinations. What follows are the trends and best practices of a promising niche: sustainable adventure tourism.

A booming market

Outdoor travel companies are becoming more and more profitable. In fact, according to a study from the Adventure Travel Trade Association (ATTA), 63% of adventure tour operators saw gross revenues increase in 2011. The study goes on to say that adventure tourism receipts went up by 17% between 2009 and 2010, indicating the market is in a growth phase.  The Adventure Tourism Development Index noted that, globally, one in four trips in 2011 included an adventure travel component. If this trend continues, adventure could be a reason behind nearly 50% of all trips by the year 2050.

Tourists increasingly sensitive to sustainability issues

Several 2012 studies reveal that consumer values are evolving; many of today’s travellers attach a great deal of importance to sustainable development.

  • The Global Corporate Citizenship Survey, an online survey of 28,000 consumers in 56 countries by research firm Nielsen, reports that two-thirds of individuals surveyed prefer to buy products and services from companies that benefit the host community. Furthermore, almost half of respondents were willing to pay more for services from such socially-conscious companies.
  • A TripAdvisor survey of 700 American travellers shows that 71% plan to engage in more environmentally responsible travel in the next twelve months.
  • A Travel Foundation report indicates that 70% of international tourists believe that businesses should be committed to preserving the environment.

In Quebec, according to the March 2011 Ipsos online survey conducted with the Tourism Intelligence Network (see: survey highlights in French), 43% of respondents consider respect for sustainable development principles as a primary factor in their decision to patronize a tourism company. Also, when selecting an online travel supplier, 38% of consumers prefer those that offer eco-friendly products and services.

The ATTA interviewed a number of adventure tour operators from Europe, North America and Latin America for their opinions on the industry’s current realities. Those surveyed mentioned, among other things, the growing importance of sustainable values among adventure travellers in the last few years. Other phenomena mentioned in these interviews support this trend:

  • the search for personalized, intense, authentic tourist experiences
  • an interest in local culture and the desire to give back to host communities
  • a concern for the environment and equity
  • an interest in health, physical activity and a « greener » lifestyle

According to Chris Doyle, ATTA Executive Director-Europe, the tourism industry must develop in a more responsible manner and redouble its efforts to preserve culture, flora and fauna. He adds that the best way for the industry to increase its impact is to convert travellers into defenders of destinations and their local cultures and environment. For this reason, more and more travel companies are adopting social and environmental best practices to meet the needs of adventure tourists.

Inspiring examples

The economic contribution of bicycle tourism

In addition to its limited ecological footprint and enhanced opportunities for interaction with local culture, the phenomenon of bicycle touring generates interesting economic benefits for rural communities. Since cyclists advance at a slower pace, they often spend their money in smaller municipalities, in other words, locations that are sometimes less popular with automobile tourists. The following clip clearly illustrates this reality.

le_tourisme_daventure_sur_la_voie_durable_image_3

Source: The Path Less Pedaled

In Brittany, towns that belong to the « Station verte » label (green resort villages) rely on bicycle touring to attract visitors. These destinations, which offer accommodations, services and nature activities, have created a 1,000-km route linking 30 stations vertes. The region is now developing other itineraries, given the success of the first one.

Hotels involved in their community

The Playa Nicuesa Rainforest Lodge, located on an island in Costa Rica, offers its clientele a « 5-leaf » experience, the country’s highest rating in the certification for sustainable tourism program. In addition to numerous traditional activities (hiking, kayaking, scuba diving, etc.), tourists can participate in discussions about ecology and even go and plant their own tree in the tropical forest!

le_tourisme_daventure_sur_la_voie_durable_image_1

Source: Playa Nicuesa Rainforest Lodge

Preservation as a prime concern

Clients of Aube Aventure, a company located in Gaspé, can enjoy sleeping in yurts as well as activities like sea kayaking and sailing. Winner of the Sustainable Development award from the city and chamber of commerce of Gaspé, Aube Aventure is known for its efforts to protect the environment and marine mammals as well as its contribution to the St. Lawrence Water Trail (route bleue). Its Quality Tourism Gaspésie certification guarantees the quality of its local services, facilities and menus. Aube Aventure is also a member of the Leave No Trace program, which aims to reduce the impact of outdoor activities on the natural environment.

 le_tourisme_daventure_sur_la_voie_durable_image_2

Source: Aube Aventure

Changes in consumer behaviour are influencing the development of many tourism companies, including some working in the outdoor travel industry. Which ones do you feel have done the most to adopt more sustainable products and services?

This article was written for the EspaceTourismeDurable.com Website, which serves tourism stakeholders in the Gaspé Peninsula and Magdalen Islands.

Catégories
Sustainable tourism

Community Based Tourism Gives Sustainability a Local Flair

Recent growth and popularity has made sustainable tourism better known and has lead to the introduction of many addition alternative forms of tourism that focus on the social and environmental pillars of sustainability. One of these forms of alternative tourism is CBT (community based tourism) and is characterized as “being local and managed by the community that consequently receives a significant portion of the benefits” (Trejos & Chiang, 2009). It often also works to promote environmental sustainability, especially in protected areas.

Ideally, CBT should be focused on improving the livelihood of the community through the three pillars of sustainability – economic, social and environmental. Recent research by the author into CBT has found that this can be achieved through 6 key elements:

  1. Community participation and training
  2. Private/ commercial partnerships and collaboration
  3. Local management and empowerment
  4. Establishment of environmental and community goals
  5. Assistance from the public and private sectors
  6. Financial considerations for long term sustainability

Community Participation and Training

The success of CBT greatly depends on the community’s ability to work together and agree on a plan of action for their tourism strategy. Community members need to be able to select key leaders and decision- makers so that conflicting viewpoints do not constantly impede the decision- making process. The leaders must also make sure that the community remains actively involved in the project, as CBT in communities that are open and accepting of tourists fare far better than those which show disinterest or resentment towards visitors.

Although cohesiveness and attitude are import for success, having adequate skill and education is also vital for a community. Since many communities that are interested in offering CBT generally have low levels of education, offering courses in hospitality and tourism management, marketing, communication, finance, governance, guiding and English language skills improvement are also vital to the success of a destination.

Private/ Commercial Partnerships and Collaboration

Even if CBT destinations, especially those focusing on rural tourism, seek out educational courses, collaborating with other companies in the tourism industry can still significantly lower a destination’s risk of failure. Partnering with hotels and tour operators can expose a destination to a much wider marketplace through increased exposure and marketing.

Local Management and Empowerment

If the local community has the capacity to successfully manage their own CBT project, this amount of empowered control will create a positive cycle for the area. Community members will be able to further increase their abilities to maintain the wellbeing of the community and increase their local and cultural pride. These skills and pride will then attract more visitors to the area, making the CBT project even more successful.

However, this key must find a balance with the previous key of private/ commercial partnerships and collaboration as too much external ownership will decrease community involvement, but little will limit the market size the community is able to reach.

Establishment of Environmental and Community Goals

Establishing these goals can demonstrate a community’s commitment to sustainability. It is particularly important to establish environmental goals to ensure that the community does not become too focused solely on financial gain. Common environmental goals include conservation projects, waster, water and energy management, organic farming and reforestation.

Since CBT is focused on improving living conditions for the community, social goals are equally important. They often include efforts such as school building, supplying water to residents and training and employing local residents in tourism attractions.

Assistance from the Public and Private Sectors

CBT projects often need assistance funding their ventures, so funding agencies and non- government organisations are often approached to help fund infrastructure improvements, the purchase of equipment and training.

Many countries are also now beginning to introduce national policies for implementing CBT. These policies include technical and financial assistance for CBT development.

Financial Considerations for Long-Term Sustainability

Long-term financial stability is difficult for many CBT projects to achieve due to a general lack of financial knowledge. For this reason, it is suggested that tourism be approach as a means of earning income only in addition to the community’s traditional means of financing itself. Coffee farmers, for example, could achieve this, by introducing coffee tourism, where they would offer visitors tours of their plantations.

Achieving Success

Altogether, achieving success in CBT can be a difficult task, and overcoming barriers such as a lack of capacity, management, marketing and financing can be difficult. However, when balanced leaderships are achieved, a community can enjoy significant benefits in an environmental, social and financial context.

 

Sources:

– Ping, W. “Community-Based Ecotourism and Developmen in Northern Thailand”.

– Trejos, B. & Chiang, L.-H. “Local economic linkages to community-based tourism in rural Cost Rica”, Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography vol 30, 2009, p 373.

Catégories
Products and activities Sustainable tourism

Eco-Friendly Beaches Lead to Higher Profits

As the spring and summer months approach, our heads begin to fill with thoughts of sun, sand and surf, but with every beach offering plenty of all three, locations need to find other ways of setting themselves apart from the competition. Many beaches in Europe and now Ontario are accomplishing this by adopting the Blue Flag certification program: a widely recognised eco-label developed especially for beaches.

Source: Rachel Dodds

About Blue Flag

The Blue Flag program was developed in France in 1987 by the Foundation for Environmental Education in Europe (FEEE) and has since certified over 3000 beaches in 44 countries across the globe, making it the most well- recognised eco- certification program for beaches (www.blueflag.org). While the majority of the certified beaches are in Europe, the program has been gaining popularity in Canada and 16 have been certified in Ontario. For a beach to become Blue Flag certified, it must meet standards in the 4 categories outlined below:

  • Environmental education and information
  • Water quality
  • Environmental Management
  • Water safety

Once these standards are met, the beach can begin flying its Blue Flag and enjoying free promotion on the Blue Flag website (www.blueflag.org).

Choosing a Beach for Your Vacation

A recent study in Ontario funded by the Ausable Bay Conservation Region (Dodds, 2010), found that the health of a beach was a key factor in their overall beach satisfaction and although many Canadians don’t check the health and safety status of a beach before embarking on their vacation, 26% would pack up and leave for another beach if it was deemed unsafe for swimming.

In Ontario, Blue Flag certification was not found to be a significant influencing factor for beach selection as the majority of beach- goers are still generally unaware of the program. However, a similar survey in done in Wales, a country with 42 Blue Flag certified beaches (over 2.5 times as many as the amount in Canada), found that over 63% of survey respondents were aware of the program and that a beach’s certification status was more important than the distance they had to travel to reach the beach (Dodds, 2010). Since Canada is currently planning to expand its portfolio of Blue Flag beaches, it can be expected that certification will become an increasingly significant factor in years to come.

Source: Rachel Dodds

What This Means for a Beach’s Popularity and Profitability

Since local residents spend about $10 each time they visit a beach in their area (about 3 times per week during the summer), their total beach expenditures for July and August total $270. Meanwhile, tourists visit less often, but spend closer to $50 each time they visit a beach. This means that a beach will lose a significant amount of income if patrons, especially locals, decide to leave for another location if their current beach becomes unsafe for swimming.

If a beach chooses to become Blue Flag certified, it will ensure that the beach consistently meets and exceeds safety standards by making sure that water clarity, quality and cleanliness are up to standard and that lifeguards and beach patrols are ready available in case of emergency. These standards will put beach- goers at ease and keep them happy and spending money for longer periods of time.

In addition, certification also requires beaches to have garbage and recycling containers, washrooms and change rooms, access for persons with disabilities and dog- friendly beach areas. Research has found the presence of these features be related to overall beach satisfaction, further improving the beach’s profitability.

Forward Thinking

A sustainable beach can enjoy a wide variety of benefits expanding out not only to the environmental side of sustainability with improved water quality and clarity and protection against erosion, but also towards the social and economical sides of the equation by improving beach patron satisfaction and increasing local business. European beaches have found that by implementing the Blue Flag certification program and increasing its awareness, they have been able to successfully promote this concept. As this idea is just in the process of developing in Canada, it can be expected that as more beaches become certified, Blue Flag status will begin to play a more significant role in influencing where patrons choose to spend their beach vacations.

 

Sources:

– Blue Flag. “Programme eco-label for Beach and marinas” www.blueflag.org, 2012

– Dodds, R. “Determining the Economic Impact of Beaches: Lake Huron Shoreline from Sarnia to Tobermory”. Ryerson University and Ausable Bayfield Conservation Authority, Toronto, 2010

– Tudor, D. & Williams, A. “A rationale for beach selection by the public on the coast of Wales, UK”, Area, vol 38 no 2, 2006, p. 153

 

Rachel Dodds, Professor, Ted Rogers School of Hospitality and Tourism Management à l’Université de Ryerson
spitality & Tourism Management, Ryerson University
Rachel Dodds is recognized around the world as an expert on sustainable tourism. She is professor at the Ted Rogers School of Hospitality and Tourism Management at Ryerson University and Director of Sustaining Tourism consulting firm. She is the author of the books « Power and Politics » and « Sustainable Tourism in Islands ». Her fields of expertise focus on sustainable tourism, climate changes and social responsibility firms. She holds a Ph.d. from the University of Surrey in England and a master’s degree in tourism management at Griffith University in Australia. She is a founding member of the Canada’s Icarus Foundation, participated in the Sustainability Council for the Tourism Industry Association and is former member of the Travel and Tourism Research Association of Canada. She has lived and worked on four continents and traveled in more than 75 countries. Web siteRachel Dodds analysis

 

Catégories
Accommodation Issues

Hotels must innovate to successfully compete

At the Association des hôteliers du Québec annual convention on February 6, Alain April explained that hotel owners must be creative and update their properties to maintain and improve their competitiveness. With the exception of luxury hotels, Québec hotels seem to be lagging when it comes to ingenuity and modernization. This sector, composed primarily of mid-range hotels, must find ways to innovate. The examples below may provide some inspiration.

Top priority: Satisfy your target markets

• Women

Hotels are pampering female travellers, offering them a range of personalized services and facilities like emergency kits with all the necessities, make-up, ultramodern hairdryers, rooms with large closets, and yoga mats and DVDs. Vancouver’s Georgian Court Hotel has even set aside 18 rooms specifically for women, at no extra cost.

• Children

Hotels are treating children like little adults. The Steigenberger Hotel Gstaad-Saanen , in Switzerland, has installed a climbing wall and a kid’s spa. Le Meurice, in Paris, provides child-sized robes and slippers and serves children tea and sweets.

• Businesspeople

Flexibility is the key to attracting business travellers. As part of their loyalty program, Starwood Hotels and Resorts guarantees that customers who stay more than 75 nights per year can get a room at any time, day or night, at no extra cost.

Major changes in interior design

Hotels are transforming their decor to attract younger travellers, who like relaxed settings that encourage socializing and networking . Some hotel chains have been designed with this in mind, notably the Radisson Blu (see image, lower left) and the Hyatt House. Traditional lobbies are being replaced by common areas where guests can have a drink, enjoy a light meal or buy souvenirs. Reception desks are disappearing and self-service check-in terminals are becoming more widespread. Some establishments are making the hotel lobby a place for creativity. Le Méridien Hub (see image, lower right) reinterprets the hotel lobby as a « a gathering place for creative minds » with artwork, a lounge and a library (see also: Dessine-moi un nouveau hall!).

Sources: Chicagonista and Le Méridien Hub

So-called lifestyle hotels (see also: Hôtel lifestyle: autopsie d’un concept) are designed to meet the needs of young hip, urban travellers. The rooms in the Hôtel du Triangle d’Or in Paris are inspired by the theme of music and its lobby features a multimedia area equipped with headphones.

Source: Hôtel du triangle d’or

New must-have technologies

According to a hotels.com survey of Canadian travellers, the iPad is the second-most popular modern amenity requested by this clientele , following the high-end coffee maker. Although tablets and touch screens are increasingly common at concierge and reception desks, they are now appearing in restaurants and rooms as well. At Parisian hotel Mama Shelter, the restaurant tables feature inset touch screens and there is an iMac photo space so patrons can take pictures of themselves and display them on screens throughout the restaurant.

Source: Mama Shelter

Accor has joined forces with Microsoft to integrate video games into its new modular room concept. Created in the Novotel Vaugirard Montparnasse in Paris, room « 3120 » was tested during a three-month pilot project.

Source: MSN.fr

Sustainable choices

More and more hotels have adopted sustainable development as a guiding principle. Delta Hotels and Resorts have launched « Delta Greens, » an initiative where every employee works to achieve the company’s stated goals: reduce energy consumption, carbon emissions and water consumption by 30% in the next five years. In France, the Comfort Hotel Lille Tourcoing in 2011 created a hotel room that is 80% recyclable, the first of its kind in Europe. In Accor’s Mercure hotels, all pillows and duvets are made of recycled plastic bottles. When no longer needed by the hotel, these items are then recycled and transformed into building and auto insulation.

Business events get a makeover

Basement-level meeting rooms are no longer popular, with users seeking rooms on the upper floors, preferably those with a panoramic view of the outside. New meeting spaces are bathed in natural light, like those at the JW Marriott L.A. LIVE, or offer a warm, inviting atmosphere, like the rooms at Meet at the apartment, in New York City.

Source: JW Marriott L.A. LIVE

Source: Meet at the apartment

Eating well and staying in shape

According to an Omni Hotels & Resorts survey, 56% of business clients would like hotel restaurant menus to offer more low-fat meal options. Over 70% of respondents would like to see healthy snacks in their minibar. In response, some hotels are replacing elaborate hard-to-digest business lunches with cold lunches. In addition, Fairmont has introduced a low-cal children’s menu, while Omni Hotels offer a gluten-free breakfast buffet. Connecticut’s Delamar hotels in Greenwich Harbor and Southport now stock their minibars with local products.

Source: USA Today

The Omni group survey also shows that business travellers would like more opportunities to work out. Therefore, the group’s Los Angeles and San Diego hotels now offer Get Fit Kits and Get Fit Rooms with treadmills. To make the fitness centre more fun, Le Parker Meridien in New York City has installed a Wii gaming console.

Well-rested guests are satisfied guests!

All the technology in the world is no good to a client who can’t get a good night’s sleep. Some hotels have taken this to heart and are working to improve the quality of their guests’ sleep. The Crowne Plaza hotel chain is testing snore-absorption rooms equipped with sound proof walls and headboards, specially designed anti-snoring pillows and wedges and a white noise machine to reduce the sound of snoring.

The Dorchester Collection has enlisted the services of a Paris sleep clinic to develop a sleep aid tool. Resembling a bedside lamp, this device diffuses light wavelengths and sound frequencies that help guests fall asleep. Finally, Scandic is the first hotel chain in the world to introduce beds that guests can adjust to their height, weight, body shape and sleeping position, using a remote.

There are any number of ways to amaze customers and foster loyalty. To remain competitive, Québec’s hotels must embrace innovation in order to reinvent themselves. Take inspiration from the creative ideas of the major chains and then call on design and technology professionals to help you carry out your new projects!

 

 

Sources:

– April, Alain. « Rôle de l’hôtellerie au sein de l’échiquier touristique québécois, » talk delivered at the Association des hôteliers du Québec annual convention, Manoir St-Castin, February 6, 2012.

– É. de B. « Chez Mercure, rien ne se perd tout se transforme« , L’Hotellerie Restauration, July 26, 2011.

– Lenoir, Aude. « Nouvelles tendances en hôtellerie« , presentation given at the Association des hôteliers du Québec annual convention, Manoir St-Castin, February 6, 2012.

– Hospitality Net. « Scandic introduces personally customized beds as the first hotel chain in the world« , hospitalitynet.org, February 16, 2012.

– Nayer, Mélanie. « Dorchester Collection Introduces Innovative Luxuries to Hotels« , 4hoteliers.com, February 15, 2012.

– Poulin, Ginette. « La CITQ fait le bilan de dix années de classification de l’industrie touristique« , hrimag.com, February 1, 2012.

– PR Newswire. « New Wellness Report Released by Omni Hotels & Resorts Reveals On-The-Road Habits of Business Travelers » prnewswire.com, September 20, 2011.

– Springwise. « Hotel “minibar” offers up food for the mind » springwise.com, February 23, 2011.

– Tendance Hôtellerie. « Crowne Plaza crée la nuit d’hôtel sans ronflements » tendancehotellerie.fr, June 28, 2011.

– Tendance Hôtellerie. « Etude TravelClick® aux États-Unis: 1/4 des chambres sont réservées sur les sites web des hôtels« , tendancehotellerie.fr, January 16, 2012.

– Tour Magazine. « Lille: ouverture de la première chambre d’hôtel recyclable« , tourmagazine.fr, September 6, 2011.

– Travelpulse. « Le Meridien Hotels Unveils New Lobby Concept in Barcelona« , travelpulse.com, June 23, 2011.

– Trejos, Nancy. « Hotels cater to special diets; gluten-free food now on menus« , travel.usatoday.com, February 5, 2012.

– Trejos, Nancy. « Goodbye potato chips; Hotel mini-bars turn exotic and even healthy« , usatoday.com, February 8, 2012.

– Vong, Katherine. « Flexible Hotel Check-Ins« , trendhunter.com, February 7, 2012.

Catégories
Ailleurs dans le monde @en Products and activities Sustainable tourism

Does Environmentally Friendly Golf Exist?

As far as environmental responsibility is concerned, golf is neither ahead, nor behind other sectors, and it may take some time before it is considered as ‘responsible recreation’. Golf courses have a long history of being environmentally unfriendly, due to their high water and chemical use, impact on local topography, hydrology and wildlife.1

Nonetheless, golf remains an important activity across Québec’s 362 golf clubs, while worldwide an estimated 25,000 golf courses cater to some 50 million players. Internationally, various organizations and initiatives exist to reduce golf’s environmental impact, but one of the most popular remains the Audubon Cooperative Sanctuary Program. In 2009, 783 golf courses were certified by this program worldwide, including 82 in Canada and 11 in Québec.2

Golf courses that have implemented initiatives to reduce their environmental impact can be recognized by a variety of actions, including:

  • decreased water use
  • improved irrigation systems and water application
  • water quality monitoring
  • reduced or eliminated pesticide use
  • increased natural organic fertilizer use
  • improved spill containment for pesticide mixing and loading areas
  • decreased managed turf grass area to increase wildlife habitat
  • landscaping with native plants to increase wildlife habitats
  • removed exotic invasive plants
  • vegetation planted in and around waterways
  • installed of contained equipment in wash-off area.

Where such environmental actions have been implemented, golf course managers have generally also reported a positive business value or cost savings, according to Audubon International assessments.3

Situation in Québec

Currently, there is no information that systematically documents environmental improvements implemented by Québec golf courses. However, numerous golf courses are actively working towards reducing their negative environmental impact, while several are also in process of certification by Audubon International. The most prevalent positive environmental action presently in Québec remains the reduction of pesticide use, owing to legislation implemented back in 2003 by the Provincial Government.4 According to baseline assessments for the period 2003-2005, Québec’s golf sector used 39,382 kg of active ingredients per year (according to sales figures) and 75.9%, or 29,885 kg, in the form of fungicides.5 In comparison with total pesticide use in the Province, pesticide use by golf represented about 1.1% of the total. The continuous reductions in pesticide use remains important to maintain watershed ecosystem health, but especially since their application by golf courses in Québec occurs almost entirely on permeable soils.

Since 2003, the Québec Pesticides Management Code and its associated regulations require all Québec golf courses to submit a pesticide reduction plan prepared by a certified agronomist to the ministère du Développement durable, de l’Environnement et des Parcs every three years.4 For the period 2006-2009, the objective was to achieve average reductions of 12.9% in the use of fungicides, 9.4% in herbicides, 8.2% in insecticides, 7.4% in rodenticides and 2.8% in growth regulators. The results are currently being analyzed and the objectives for the next three years will be revised in 2010.

Though golf courses in Québec have taken numerous other actions to improve their environmental management, the overall impact of these is not documented, with the exception of the Laurentides, where water use is monitored by public sector organizations. A few golf courses have also installed industrial equipment to filter, treat and reuse wastewater. However, such initiatives are limited to only a few places, since they cost up to CAD 200,000. Elsewhere, golf courses have exchanged their carts for electric versions, implemented recycling programs, and use recyclable or biodegradable balls and tees. Increasingly, some golf courses supply their restaurants with local and regional foods, as in the case of the Rawdon Golf Club, which also received Le Phénix de l’environnement Award in 2009 for having implemented a variety of initiatives to improve its environmental management.6

While there aren’t clearly any 100% eco-friendly golf courses, work is under way to improve management at some places. There is currently a move in Québec to implement a variety of voluntary initiatives in 2010. For example, the Association des terrains de golf du Québec is drafting a sustainable development policy and green program, which will address comprehensive environmental management requirements covering a range of issues, including waste and water management (composting, recycling), hazardous substance use, vegetation around waterways and others. A number of other organizations, such as the Coalition for Responsible Golf, are also working to help golf courses improve their environmental management practices in Québec.

What about green golfers?

Few studies have assessed golfers’ attitudes towards the environment, and none have been reported from Québec. However, in 2008, Golf Digest published a survey that illustrated how perceptions of 650 avid golfers compared with the general American population regarding golf and its relationship with the environment.7 According to this study, golfers were typically male, affluent and older than the general population surveyed and some similarities and differences were noted amongst the two groups concerning environmental attitudes. For example, both groups appeared environmentally conscious and participated in activities like recycling and agreed that government regulation is a necessary approach for addressing environmental issues. However, while golfers also appeared to support the idea that golf is an environmentally friendly/compatible sport, they were less likely than the general population to participate in initiatives such as carpooling. Figure 1 summarizes some of the attitudes towards specific impacts linked to water and pesticide use, which suggests that fewer golfers believe the game’s water and pesticide use has a negative impact on the environment than the general population. The Golf Digest study 7 also suggests that, while golfers agree with the need to improve the environmental management of golf courses, such improvement does not necessarily represent a big plus for increased participation in the game.

golf_vs_environnement1

Some golf courses are also focussing on player education to raise environmental awareness and several try to get players involved by having them volunteer to carry out restoration and environmental works, while others encourage the provision of financial support towards environment initiatives.

Golf clearly has the potential to be more environmentally responsible and the numerous initiatives in place by some golf courses currently leave no room for inaction by the great majority.

Source

(1) Wheeler, K. & Nauright, J. (2006). A green game?: A Global Perspective on the Environmental Impact of Golf. Sport in Society, 9(3) 427-443.

(2) Audubon Cooperative Sanctuary Program for Golf Courses

(3) Audubon International (2007). Golf’s Green Bottom Line: Uncovering the Hidden Business Value of Environmental Stewardship on Golf Courses. Audubon International. 64 p.

(4) Ministère du Développement durable, de l’Environnement et des Parcs. Code de gestion des pesticides. Last access November 4, 2009 http://www.mddep.gouv.qc.ca/pesticides/permis/code-gestion/index.htm

(5) Laverdière, C., Dion, S., and Gauthier, F. (2007). Bilan des plans de réduction des pesticides sur les terrains de golf. Ministère du Développement durable, de l’Environnement et des Parcs. 54 p.

(6) Ministère du Développement durable, de l’Environnement et des Parcs. Les Phénix de l’environnement, édition 2009. Last access October 28, 2009. http://www.mddep.gouv.qc.ca/Phenix/2009/5-realisation-entrep.htm

(7) Golf Digest (2008). Golf and the Environment: Golfer Perceptions and Attitudes Concerning the Game and its Relationship with the Environment. Golf Digest Publication. Research Resource Centre. 25 p.

Catégories
Distribution networks Sustainable tourism

Canadian Travel Agents and Carbon Offsets

In 2006, 26,400 metric tonnes of carbon dioxide were emitted into the atmosphere, of which tourism contributed 5% (UNWTO, 2008). Of that 5%, air travel was responsible for 40% and land travel for 36%.

The relationship between climate change and tourism is interwoven and interdependent.  Climate change has major implications for the future of tourism because weather conditions factor heavily into the business direction of tourism operators. In Canada, seasonal and outdoor tourism may be adversely impacted by abnormal or unpredictable weather patterns, and costly changes to infrastructure may be required to cope with these changes .

With the growing concern about the effects of climate change and how the tourism industry is vulnerable to these effects, the challenge is to determine the awareness of tourism stakeholders and their level of participation in mitigating such effects.

A 2008 study by L. Kole et al at Ryerson University aimed to determine the level of awareness among Canadian travel agents with regard to climate change, and their willingness to offer carbon offsetting as a mitigation strategy to their clients. The study also aimed to determine whether more information regarding environmental issues and carbon offsetting needs to be provided to travel agents to assist them in channelling this knowledge to consumers.

The study sent an e-survey to 1886 members of the Association of Canadian Travel Agents (ACTA) and 2,500 members of the Canadian Institute of Travel Counsellors (CITC). The study received a 5.9% response rate.

Findings

The study found that while travel agents consider climate change a threat, they were unaware of the tourism industry’s contribution to climate change. Their consumers, travellers, also did not make the connection between climate change and their travel habits. Most travel agents have a ‘basic’ understanding (50%) of climate change and carbon offsetting. More than 50% said their first business priority was ‘making a profit.’ However, 9% of travel agencies said their first priority was ‘spreading knowledge of climate change.’ In addition, although 46% of agents felt it was important to communicate environmental issues related to tourism, they were not encouraged to do so by their agencies.

Some 34% of Canadian travel agents believe their customers would be willing to pay up to $10 as an additional charge for carbon offsets, although they felt that the government should bear the financial costs of carbon offsets. Less than half of these agents ’sometimes’ suggest carbon offsets to their customers while customers ‘rarely’ bring up the option of carbon offsets.

The study concludes that since most travel agents have only a ‘basic’ knowledge and understanding of climate change, they are not sufficiently informed to help transfer knowledge about climate change and carbon offsets to their clients. This is also the main reason that agencies are apprehensive about presenting carbon offsetting as a viable option. Travel agents need to be well-versed in environmental issues and carbon offsetting in order to be ambassadors of environmental change.

Implications

In order to increase awareness, a combined effort needs to be initiated among governments, academic institutions and corporations to educate agents about the effects of climate change on tourism and carbon offsetting. As travel agents are representatives at the frontline of the tourism industry, they wield considerable influence when it comes to travellers’ actions and awareness of environmental issues.

There are a number of approaches for communicating climate change awareness within the tourism industry and for making climate change and carbon offsetting a fundamental part of the industry:

  1. Education Campaign for Agents – climate change and mitigation strategies should be part of travel training institutions’ curriculum.
  2. Increase client awareness through the tourism industry, in order to incorporate this issue into mainstream culture.
  3. Offer clients a flat-rate fee for carbon offsetting.

Travel agents must realize that they can help mitigate the effects of climate change. Agents can inspire action by educating consumers about how their travels contribute to climate change, and by offering them carbon offsetting options to enable them to reduce their carbon emissions.

Sources:

Kole, L., Krestell, S., Parlagreco, L. & Dodds, R. (2008). Climate Change and Carbon Offsetting. Toronto: Ryerson University. 49 pages.

United Nations World Tourism Organization (2008). Climate Change and Tourism:
Responding to Global Challenges. Retrieved from http://www.unwto.org/index.php

Catégories
Products and activities Sustainable tourism

Do wind farms affect tourism?

Like many places, Québec has also created a policy framework to increase energy production from renewable sources such as wind.(1) Wind farm construction presents numerous challenges, but from a tourism viewpoint, it has a direct visual impact on scenic landscapes and an indirect effect on industry due to potential economic losses. Opponents to wind farms believe that constructing large, towering metal structures creates an industrialized landscape in rural and natural areas, which some people consider to be detrimental.

Landscapes are an important tourism resource, so it is unrealistic for tourism stakeholders to offer unequivocal support for wind farms. For this reason, battles to stop wind farm development around tourism attractions continue, while at the same time opinions about wind farms continue to diverge. For example, there is opposition to the recently erected wind turbine on Grouse Mountain in Vancouver(2) and to the proposed wind farm near Mont St. Michel, a UNESCO World Heritage Area in France, even though the turbines would be situated some 15 km from it.(3)

Wind turbines as tourist attractions?

For some people, wind turbines are symbols of sustainable development and valued for producing clean energy. Perhaps this attitude can give wind turbines some recognition for being part of modern heritage. Windmills, the predecessors of modern wind turbines, were also contested when introduced to the European landscape around the 12th century. In countries like Holland, windmills today are a visual part of the nation’s heritage and in Québec, many are also tourist attractions, notably on Île Perrot and Île aux Coudres.

However, wind turbines are unlikely to be a major tourism draw in their own right, especially since they are now increasingly part of the cultivated landscape in many countries. In some cases, they diversify the attraction base of a destination, like Cap Chat in the Gaspé Peninsula, where a visitor centre showcases the highest vertical-axis wind turbine in the world. Similar interpretation centres worldwide offer guided tours; in Denmark, for example, there are boat tours to see the offshore wind farms at Middelgrunden near Copenhagen. Preferences and attitudes towards modern wind farms are likely to evolve over time as people get accustomed to their presence, but it is unlikely that they will appeal to everyone in the future.

Visitor preferences

A Scottish report reviewing a number of studies evaluating the impact of wind farms on tourism suggests limited overall negative impacts.(4) However, tourists generally prefer wind energy projects to be located away from accommodation areas, historic sites, scenic areas and viewpoints, and places of natural beauty. The proportion of visitors who flatly oppose wind turbines near tourism attractions appears to be a minority, according to some reports. For example, a broad national survey in France showed 22% of the population thought wind turbines affected tourism negatively, while the rest were positive or neutral.(5) Similarly, in the Languedoc-Roussillon Region, a survey showed only 16% of visitors thought wind turbines degraded the landscape in general.(6) In a more recent study from Scotland, about 20% to 30% of tourists preferred landscapes without wind farms and the rest were mainly positive or neutral.(4) Tourist perceptions were also evaluated in a study in the Gaspé Region of Québec, where visitors generally expressed a positive attitude towards wind farms.(6) However, when asked about the establishment of new wind farms in the future, 56.4% preferred to see a concentration of wind turbines (more than 12 turbines) in a few places, rather than fewer turbines (less than 12) in multiple locations. Furthermore, 5.6% of visitors surveyed did not want to see any wind turbines in the Gaspé Region.(7)

Economic impact

While preference studies show broadly similar patterns, very few quantitative studies published to date have established empirical links between wind farms and the net economic impact on tourism. (8) Several studies use hypothetical scenarios to assess future preferences, thus indicating likely impacts on tourism.(9,10) Such studies tend to show that visitors would not change their travel patterns to an area if a wind farm were established, as 92% of visitors indicated in a survey in Southwest England, for example.(9) Overall, there is limited evidence to suggest that wind farms have a serious negative economic impact on tourism.

A report from Scotland estimated the net economic impact of potential wind farm development by calculating the combined effect of the changing number of tourists going to an area when a wind farm is constructed and the subsequent change in expenditures, and the lowered willingness to pay for a “room with a view” in an accommodation facility affected by the construction. The study looked at four areas in Scotland that represent about 12% of the country’s tourist activity and found that, in total, 81% to 98% of the tourists to these areas would be affected.(4) It also estimated the proportion of accommodation facilities in the same areas that would be impacted by the proposed wind farms, and this ranged from 9.83% to 32.40%. In the visitor survey part of the study, 63% of tourists preferred a landscape free of wind turbines from the hotel bedroom, while 28% were neutral and 9% were positive. The authors suggest visitor perceptions about wind farms are based on where they are. Thus, opinions about wind farms are likely to change if one has a passing view for a few seconds while driving by compared to having a longer, static view from a hotel room. For accommodation establishments with affected views, the study found a reduction in use by 4.9% to 16.20% and estimated a net expenditure reduction of between 0.48% to 1.59% respectively. The study also found proposed wind farm development may lead to a 2.5% loss due to fewer returning tourists visiting the area.(4)

Conclusion

In most places, like Québec, a variety of legislative and planning tools help minimize the social and environmental impact of wind farms.(11) In addition to its visual impact, wind farm development continues to push the limits of social acceptability in terms of its planning, management, operational control and fairness with regard to the distribution of benefits.(12) The few studies mentioned here suggest that even though the majority of tourists may appear positive about wind farms, one must look closer at preferences with regard to visiting places and choosing accommodations. In this context, it would be worthwhile to independently assess the effects of wind farms on tourism at the local and regional scale in Québec.

Sources:

(1) Ministère du Développement durable, Environnement et Parcs (2006). L’énergie pour construire le Québec de demain. La Stratégie énergétique du Québec 2006-2015. Québec: Gouvernement du Québec. 138 p.

(2) Colebourn, J. (2009). “Wind turbine power project installed atop Grouse Mountain,” in the Province. September 25. Accessed online 10 Oct. 2009. Http://www.theprovince.com/story_print.html?Id=2035719&sponsor=

(3) nouvelobs (2009). “Manifestation anti-éolien au Mont-Saint-Michel,” in Le Nouvel Observateur. September 26. Accessed online 10 Oct. 2009.
Http://tempsreel.nouvelobs.com/depeches/sciences/20090926.SCI7308/manifestation_antieolien_ au_montsaintmichel.html
(4) Riddington, G., Harrison, T., mcarthur, D., Gibson, H., and Millar, K. (2008). “The economic impacts of wind farms on Scottish tourism. A report for the Scottish Government.” Accessed online 16 Oct. 2009. Www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/214910/0057316.pdf

(5) Synovate (2003). Perception et répresentation de l’énergie éolienne en France. Ademe. 18 p.

(6) Institute CSA (2003). Impact potentiel des éoliennes sur le tourisme en Languedoc-Roussillon, France. Synthèse de Sondage. 5 p.

(7) Richard Guay Consultants (2004). Étude de marketing auprès des touristes de la Gaspésie afin de connaître leurs attitudes face à l’installation d’éoliennes. A report presented to technocentre Éolien Gaspésie-les-Îles. Québec. 37 p.

(8) Riddington, G., mcarthur, D., Harrison, T. And Gibson, H. (2009). “Assessing the economic impact of wind farms on tourism in Scotland: GIS, surveys and policy outcomes,” International Journal of Tourism Research. Published online in Wiley Interscience. DOI: 10.1002/jtr.750 http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/122609399/abstract

(9) visitbritain (2006). Foresight. Issue 33. July. Strategy and Communications Division.

(10) mori Scotland (2002). Tourist Attitudes towards wind farms. research study conducted for the Scottish Renewables Forum and the British Wind Energy Association. Final Report. Edinburgh. 24 p.

(11) Ministère des Affaires municipales et des Régions (2007). Guide d’intégration des éoliennes au territoire : vers de nouveaux paysages. Québec: Gouvernement du Québec. 38 p.

(12) Saucier, C., Côté, G., Fortin, M.-J., Jean, B., Lafontaine, D., Feurtey, É., Guillemette, M., Méthot, J.-F. And Wilson, J. (2009). Développement territorial et filière éolienne. Des installations éoliennes socialement acceptables : élaboration d’un modèle d’évaluation de projets dans une perspective de développement territorial durable. Rimouski: Université du Québec à Rimouski. 227 p.